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Section 2: Strategies on Writing up Results section

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·Summarize your findings in text and illustrate them, if appropriate, with figures and tables.

·In text, describe your results, pointing the reader to observations that are most relevant.

·Provide a context, such as by describing the question that was addressed by making a particular observation.

·Describe results of control experiments and include observations that are not presented in a formal figure or table, if appropriate.

·Analyze your data, then prepare the analyzed (converted) data in the form of a figure(graph), table, or in text form.

Steps to Writing an effective Results section

1. Determine which results to present by deciding which are relevant to the question(s) presented in the Introduction irrespective of whether or not the results support the hypothesis(es). The Results section does not need to include every result you obtained or observed.

2. Organize the data in the Results section in either chronological order according to the Methods or in order of most to least important. Within each paragraph, the order of most to least important results should be followed.

3. Determine whether the data are best presented in the form of text, figures, graphs, or tables.

4. Summarize your findings and point the reader to the relevant data in the text, figures and/or tables. The text should complement the figures or tables, not repeat the same information.

5. Describe the results and data of the controls and include observations not presented in a formal figure or table, if appropriate.

6. Provide a clear description of the magnitude of a response or difference. If appropriate, use percentage of change rather than exact data.

7. Make sure that the data are accurate and consistent throughout the manuscript.

8. Summarize the statistical analysis and report actual P values for all primary analyses.

9. Use the past tense when you refer to your results.

10. Number figures and tables consecutively in the same sequence they are first mentioned in the text. Depending on the journal, they should be in order at the end of the report after the References, or located appropriately within the text of your results section.