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第二節 WTO爭端解決機製的適用範圍

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一、所適用協定的範圍

DSU附件1對此問題進行了規定:

Appendix 1

Agreements Coverel by the Understanding

(A) Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization

(B) Multilateral Trade Agreements

Annex1A:Multilateral Agreements on Trade in Goods

Annex 1B:General Agreement on Trade in Services

Annex1C:Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights

Annex 2:Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes

(C) Plurilateral Trade Agreements

Annex 4:Agreement on Trade in Civil Aircraft

Agreement on Government Procurement

International Dairy Agreement

International Bovine Meat Agreement

The applicability of this Understanding to the Plurilateral Trade Agreements shall be subject to the adoption of a decision by the parties to each agreement setting out the terms for the application of the Understanding to the individual agreement, including any special or additional rules or procedures for inclusion in Appendix 2, as notified to the DSB.

(1)《建立世界貿易組織協定》(WTO協定)。該協定主要是規定了成員的總的權利和義務,屬於組織性協定,成員方很少依據該協定提起爭端。

(2)多邊貿易協定。這些協定包括附件1A貨物貿易多邊協定(《1994關稅與貿易總協定》、《農產品協定》、《動植物衛生檢疫措施協定》、《紡織品與服裝協定》、《進出口許可證協定》、《技術貿易壁壘協定》、《與貿易有關的投資措施協定》、《反傾銷協定》、《海關估價協定》、《裝船前檢驗協定》、《原產地規則協定》、《反補貼協定》、《保障措施協定》)、附件1B《服務貿易總協定》、附件1C《與貿易有關的知識產權協定》。這些協定中大都規定了對DSU程序援用的條款,如《農產品協定》第19條、《技術貿易壁壘協定》第14條第1款、《裝船前檢驗協定》第4條、第7條、第8條等。但是也有一些條款,不是援引而是規定了一些特殊、附加的規則和程序,DSU附件2對這些條款進行了列舉: