一、太極拳概說 Brief Introduction of Taiji Quan
在中華武術文化寶庫中,太極拳是一種構思特異的拳種,它以虛靈、舒鬆、靜謐的方法進行自我修煉,十分符合養生之道。修煉太極拳,武可以防身禦侮,克敵製勝;文可以調心養氣,祛病延年。修武而文在其中,是一種文武兼修的健身術。
Taiji Quan is a specially designed type of Quan in the treasurable Chinese Wushu culture.It helps people to train themselves with empty,flexible,relaxing,comfortable,and quiet methods,and which is suitable for health care.Taiji Quan,can be used for self-defence and is also helpful to adjust Qi(breath)and strengthen heart function.Thus Taiji Quan is beneficial for avoiding illness and extend longevity,and is a skill for both combat an health preservation.
太極拳是因為拳法變幻無窮,遂用中國古代的“陰陽”、“太極”這一哲學理論來解釋拳理而被命名的。“太極”一詞源出《周易》:“易有太極,是生兩儀。”“太”就是大的意思,“極”就是開始或頂點的意思。太極是中國古代人的一種最原始的世界觀,拳術和太極的結合,逐步形成了太極拳術。
The name,Taiji Quan,came from Chinese ancient philosophy“Yin-Yang”and“Taiji”,because of its tremendously changeable movements.The word“Taiji”came from“Zhouyi”:“Yi has Taiji(supreme terminus),and it produces two Yi (ultimate element)”.“Tai”means supreme,and“Ji”means the initial beginning or ultimate terminus or vertex.Taiji is Chinese people's primitive world view.Taiji Quan gradually came into being from the integration of Quan(boxing)skills and the theory of Taiji.
關於太極拳的起源,據考證形成於明末清初。太極拳有下列三個方麵的來源:第一方麵,綜合吸收了明代名家拳法。明代武術極為盛行,出現了很多名家、專著和新拳種,太極拳就是吸取了當時各家拳法之長,特別是戚繼光的三十二勢長拳而編成的;第二方麵,結合了古代導引、吐納之術。太極拳講究意念引導動作,氣沉丹田,心靜體鬆,重在內壯,把拳術中的手、眼、身、步的協調配合與導引、吐納有機地結合起來,這就使太極拳成為內外統一的拳術運動,所以被稱為“內功拳”之一;第三方麵,運用了中國古代的中醫經絡學說和陰陽學說。太極拳結合經絡學說,要求“以意引氣,以氣運身”,內氣發源於丹田,以腰為主宰發力於全身。各式傳統太極拳也皆以太極陰陽學說來概括和解釋拳法中各種矛盾變化。