約翰·亨利·紐曼/John Henry Newman
Knowledge is one thing, virtue is another；good sense is not conscience, refinement is not humility, nor is largeness and justness of view faith. Philosophy, however enlightened, however profound, gives no command over the passions, no influential motives, no vivifying principles. Liberal Education makes not the Christian, not the Catholic, but the gentleman. It is well to be a gentleman, it is well to have a cultivated intellect, a delicate taste, a candid, equitable, dispassionate mind, a noble and courteous bearing in the conduct of life—these are the connatural qualities of a large knowledge；they are the objects of a University；I am advocating, I knowledge；they are the objects of a University；I am advocating, I shall illustrate and insist upon them；but still, I repeat, they are no guarantee for sanctity or even for conscientiousness, they may attach to the man of the world, to the profigate, to the heartless, pleasant, alas, and attractive as he shows when decked, out in them. Taken by themselves, they do butseem to be what they are not；they look like virtue at a distance, but they are detected by close observers, and on the long run；and hence it is that they are popularly accused of pretense and hypocrisy, not, I repeat, from their own fault, but because their professors and their admirers persist in taking them for what they are not, and are offcious in arrogating for them a praise to which they have no claim. Quarry the granite rock with razors, or moor the vessel with a thread of silk, then may you hope with such keen and delicate instruments as human knowledge and human reason to contend against those giants, the passion and the pride of man.
知識是一回事，美德則是另外一回事。好意不是良心，優雅不是謙讓，廣博與公正的觀點也不是信仰。無論多麽富有啟迪或高深莫測的哲學，都無法左右感情，都不具備有影響力的動機，都不具有導致生動活潑的原理。文科教育並非為了造就基督教徒或者天主教徒，而是為了造就紳士。造就一個紳士是件美好的事，有教養的才智，優雅的情趣，正直、公正而冷靜的頭腦，高貴而彬彬有禮的舉止——這些是與淵博的學識生來固有的品質，也正是大學教育的目的。我倡導它們，並加以闡釋和堅持。不過我要說的是，它們仍然不能確保聖潔，甚或不能保證誠實。它們可以附庸於世故的俗人，附庸於玩世不恭的浪子。唉，當他們用它偽裝起來時，就更增加了他們外表上的冷靜、快活和魅力。就其本身而言，它們似乎已經麵目全非，它們已成為一種隻可遠觀的美德，隻有經過長久的觀察方可探知真相。因此它們受到廣泛的責難，被指責為虛假、偽善。我想強調的是，這絕不是因為它們自身有什麽過錯，而是因為教授及其崇拜者們一味地把它們弄得麵目全非，而且還殷勤地獻上其本身並未要求的讚揚。如果說用剃刀能開采花崗岩，用絲線能係住船隻，那麽你就可以希望能用人的知識和理性這樣美妙而優雅的東西，去同人類的情感與高傲那樣的龐然大物進行抗爭。