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第56章 弗吉尼亞權利法案 (2)

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XII That the freedom of the press is one of the greatest bulwarks of liberty and can never be restrained but by despotic governments.

XIII That a well regulated militia, composed of the body of the people, trained to arms, is the proper, natural, and safe defense of a free state; that standing armies, in time of peace, should be avoided as dangerous to liberty; and that, in all cases, the military should be under strict subordination to, and be governed by, the civil power.

XIV That the people have a right to uniform government; and therefore, that no government separate from, or independent of, the government of Virginia, ought to be erected or established within the limits thereof.

XV That no free government, or the blessings of liberty, can be preserved to any people but by a firm adherence to justice, moderation, temperance, frugality and virtue and by frequent recurrence to fundamental principles.

XVI That religion, or the duty which we owe to our Creator and the manner of discharging it, can be directed by reason and conviction, not by force or violence; and therefore, all men are equally entitled to the free exercise of religion, according to the dictates of conscience; and that it is the mutual duty of all to practice Christian forbearance, love and charity towards each other.

參考譯文

一、人人生來自由、平等與獨立,並享有某些天賦之人權,即當他們結合為一個社會時,他們不能憑任何契約剝奪其後裔的這些權利;這些權利,即享受生活與自由的權利,包括獲取與擁有財產、追求和享有安全與幸福。

二、所有的權力都源自人民,因而也都屬於人民;管理者是他們的受托人與仆人,無論什麽時候都應服從於人民。

三、政府應當是為了保證人民、國家和社會的共同利益和安全而設立的;在不同形式的政府之間,最好的政府是能夠提供最大幸福和安全的政府,是能夠最有效地防止弊政危險的政府。因此,當發現任何政府不合乎甚至違反這些宗旨時,社會大眾享有不容置疑、不可剝奪和不能取消的權力並以公認為最有助於大眾利益的方式,改革、變換或廢除政府。