Circles
拉爾夫·沃爾多·愛默生 / Ralph Waldo Emerson
The eye is the first circle； the horizon which it forms is the second； and throughout nature this primary figure is repeated without end. It is the highest emblem in the cipher of the world. St. Augustine described the nature of God as a circle whose centre was everywhere and its circumference nowhere. We are all our lifetime reading the copious sense of this first of forms. One moral we have already deduced in considering the circular or compensatory character of every human action. Another analogy we shall now trace， that every action admits of being outdone. Our life is an apprenticeship to the truth that around every circle another can be drawn； that there is no end in nature， but every end is a beginning； that there is always another dawn risen on mid-noon， and under every deep a lower deep opens.
This fact， as far as it symbolizes the moral fact of the Unattainable， the flying Perfect， around which the hands of man can never meet， at once the inspirer and the condemner of every success， may conveniently serve us to connect many illustrations of human power in every department.
There are no fixtures in nature. The universe is fluid and volatile. Permanence is but a word of degrees. Our globe seen by God is a transparent law， not a mass of facts. The law dissolves the fact and holds it fluid. Our culture is the predominance of an idea which draws after it this train of cities and institutions. Let us rise into another idea， they will disappear. The Greek sculpture is all melted away， as if it had been statues of ice； here and there a solitary figure of fragment remaining， as we see flecks and scraps of snow left in cold dells and mountain clefts in June and July. For the genius that created it creates now somewhat else. The Greek letters last a little longer， but are already passing under the same sentence and tumbling into the inevitable pit which the creation of new thought opens for all that is old. The new continents are built out of the ruins of an old planet； the new races fed out of the decomposition of the foregoing. New arts destroy the old. See the investment of capital in aqueducts made useless by hydraulics； fortifications， by gunpowder； roads and canals， by railways； sails， by steam； steam by electricity.