獨立主格結構主要表示謂語動詞發生的時間、原因、條件或伴隨情況、補充說明等,相當於一個狀語從句或並列句。
現舉例說明獨立主格結構的構成及句法功能:
Weather permitting,we shall go climbing tomorrow.(名詞+現在分詞,表條件)
如果天氣允許的話,明天我們就去爬山。
The work done,all the workers went home.(名詞+過去分詞,表時間)
工作完成後,所有工人就回家了。
He being ill,his wife asked a week off to look after him.(代詞+現在分詞,表原因)
由於他病了,他妻子請假一周照看他。
The patient was lying in the bed,the eyes half open.(名詞+形容詞,表伴隨情況)
這個病人躺在**,半睜著眼。
She sat at the table,collar off,head down,and pen in position,ready to begin the novel.(名詞+副詞,表伴隨)
她坐在桌前,衣領已解掉,頭低了下來,拿好鋼筆,準備開始寫小說。
They said farewell to each other,one to go to the company,the other to go home.(代詞+不定式,表補充說明)
他們道別後,一個去了公司,另一個回家了。
So many classmates to help him,he is sure to catch up in English.
(名詞+不定式,表原因)
有這麽多同學的幫助,他肯定能趕上英語學習。
Mary goes to the library,bag in hand.(名詞+介詞短語,表伴隨狀況)
瑪麗提著書包進了圖書館。
There being nothing to discuss,we ended up the meeting.
(there being+代詞,表原因)
既然沒什麽要討論的,我們就結束了會議。
It being Spring Festival,all the country falls into happy atmosphere.
(it being+名詞,表時間)
春節期間,整個國家都沉浸在一片歡快的氣氛中。